Reinforcing-bar.



'UNITED STAfrEs raTENT OFFICE.

ALFRED O. R. JANNI, OFVST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

- nnmroncmnm.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

Application med February 27, 1907. Serial No. 359,694.

In the drawin 's forming part of this speciication, in whici like numbers of reference denote like parts wherever they occur,Figure 1 is a side elevation of a har embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2.

Fig. 1; Fie'. 3 is a section on thcline il 3, Fig. 1; unil Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of a part of the bar shown in '.lig. 1.

It has, heretofore, been customary to irovide, in concrete reinforcement, square, ars which have various forms of corrugations thereupon,I and the essential feature ot" the resent invention is the use ot' cylindrical are in lieu thereof, said cylindrical barsv havin v corrugat-ions of a. certain type hereinafter i escribed which are so placed on the periphery of the bar as to cause the crosssection taken at any point on the. bar to be similar in shape and equal in arca to the.-

cross-section taken at any other point.

Among the advantages which arise. from the use of bars of the type herein described, the'iullowinlv should be noted Since the bars are of niet. ,(usuall iron or steel) they contract or expand witi the variations in tem- -ature. W'hen a bar of uniform thickness is used, thc contraction or expansion is evenly distributed at all points throughout its length, Whereas, with a bar thicker in some places than others, there is no such equality of expansion, b-ut the outward pressure at' the thick parts of the bar is greater than that at the thm arts. ,With a cylindrical bar, moreover, t le contraction or expansion is evenly distributed throughout. its surface,

and, when the bar expands, for example, it'

presses out withcqual force inall directions, and thus does not disrupt. thc concrete'. With a square. or angulorly-shapeil bar, however, this outward pressure is not uniformly distributed, andthe edges of the lmr often chi) olf in thc concrete, or, by acting as a we gc, crack the concrete, thereby bothl weakening theconcrcte and exposing-the bars to moisture, causing them in time to rust.

Sharp edges-or angular bars, moreover, tend to shear oil' the concrete., and, if the bal' be given a sudden impact, will sometimes shear or cut otl' a large section of the concrete.

Vft is uncconomical to usc bars varying in thickness at dill'ercnt points, because the tensilc strength ol' the bar is determined by its thickness at the thinnest point. In4 one sense, therefore, the metal which forms the' corrugations is wasted, since the corrugation does not incre-asc thc tensile strength of the bar, yet it must be paid for, since thc bars are -all sold on thc basis of \\'cightai'id, as the corrugations com ose by no means a negligible proportion of thc weight of the bar, it will be seen that', in u large structure, the metal which is paid for, but which Vis not used to best advantage, unnecessarily" adds to the expense of construction. 'hcn bars like those herein. ih scribcd are used, however, owing to the fact that the areaof thc crosssection at all points-is the same, and, accordingly,thc tensile strength is uniform throughout, evcry part ofthe bar, whether in the corrugations or not, contributes to the strength thereof, and 4thus makes it possible to secure thc. saine tensile strength from' a less weight of metal than is wssilzle with any other corrugated bar. 'lic use of a. bar of uniform 'cross section facilitates thc making of the necessary inathclnat ical calculations, such as determining tht` number of bars required, the. dimensions thereof, stress, strain, strength, and thc like, and these can -bc determined more awcurately than is possible here oldstyle lrarsarctobe used. l

',l`he. bar l is cylii'idricnl in shape, and may bc of any desired length or diameter, thc d1- incnsions` depending oo thc character of the construction in which thc bars arc to be used` At regular intervals on the circumference of the bar, and arranged in longitudinal and circumlcrcntial rows thereon, are corrugationsor|uojcctions 2, which corrugations alternate, both circunifcrcntially and longitudinally, with depressions 3, in such'lnannt'r that adjacent each edge of caclicorrugutim 2 is a depression Ct, and so that cach depression 3 is 'bounded substantially on all sides by corrugntions'l. lf a transverse section `he taken at an)r point of the har, as on the lines it. It, |f`ig. l, it will be seen that around the periphery thereof are found, in

ros

the bars tend the order named, corrugatiofi, de ression, corru ation, depression; while, i a line shoulcgl be drawn on the periphery parallel to the axis of the bar, along said line would be found the same regular alternation of corrugations with depressions. lf the circumference of the 'bar could be spread out flat it would, owing to the alternation of corrugations and depressions, present a checkerboard-like appearance, half of the squares being raised.

The corrugations 2 are, preferably, formed with ytwo edges perpendicular to the peripher of the bar 1 and two beveled edges, the sides or edges 4- which are parallel to the axis ofthe bar bein thus perpendicular and. lying in a lane whii, if produced as indicated through said axis. f the planes bounding both sides of any corrugatjons should be thus produced, the angle 6 at tl'epont of intersection of said planes would b-'an angle of 90. Each corrugation, therefore, with its sides 4 produced, is a sector having 90 of arc on the circle formed by taking a transversesection through the bar. Each depression, also, measures 90 on this same circle. A plane passed through line 7*?, Fig. 2, would, likewise, pass through line 7-7, Fig. 3. Since any strain on these bars is generally exerted longitudinally, rather than as torque, and to slip within the concrete along the direction of their length, rather than to be twisted, it is more important to prevent endwise-slipping ofthe bars than it 1s to guard against twisting. Accordingly, the longitudinal ends of the corrugations terminate in the beveled edges 8, instead of in ed es perpendicular to the eriphery.

t is desirable to have 't e concretecompletely fill the de ressions 3 and packtightly, so as to leave as ittle vacant space as possible between the concrete and the surface of the bar. Where the edges of the corrugations are per cndicular to the periphery, the

- concrete ten s to bridge the corners, leaving a vacant space between the concrete and the corner, thus tending to allow the bar to work -loose and slip within the concrete, If the edges 8 were perpendicular to the periphery, so that the concrete might bridge thereover',

leaving a vacant space at each end of the corrugations, the corrugations might have some back-and-forth play within the concrete, and this vacant space would gradually increase in size,las a straight, sharpl edge 8 would tend to shear, cut, or abrade the concrete, thereby allowing the bar to become loose and slip. By {providingbeveled edges 8, however, this ten ency is obviated, as the concrete will lit snugly over the brevelyand coin letely fill the depressions 3 adjacentjthe ends of corrugations 2, that the cannot Vwork back and forth within the concrete. Moreoyer, in case there should be any vacant edge perpendicular to by the otted lines 5, Filgs. 2 and 3, would pass s ace between the concrete and-the ends of tile corrugations, said beveled edges will not have the saine tendency to enlarge .the vacant space as would be manifested by an the periphery j. While the concrete maynot pack snugly over the sides 4 of the corrugations, and some vacant snpace may be left between the concrete an side 4, owing to the fact that there is little, tendency for the bars to twist, it is not necessary to bevel edges 4. however, be done where special circumstances may render such construction necessary.

Having thus described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters- Patent is:

1. A concrete-reinforcing lbar cylindrical in shape and of constant cross-sectionab area, the surface of said bar being provided with a plurality ol longitudinal and a plurality of circumferential rows of projections, each eircumferential and each longitudinal row comprising the succession of a projection, a depression, a projection, and a depression, the

sides of each projection extending to but not beyond the sides of each adjoining projection, the ends of adjoining projections being so related to each other that the bottom edge .of each end of any projection liesbeyond the bottom edge of the end of each adjoining projection, while the to J4 edge o f said first-mentioned projection falls short of the top edge of the end'of each adjoining projection.

2. A concrete-reinforcing bar cylindrical in shape and of constant cross-sectional area, the surface of said bar being rovided with a plurality of longitudinal an a plurality of circumferential rows of projections, each circumferential and each longitudinal row comprising the succession'of a projection, a

epression, a projection, and a depression, the sides of each projection extending to but not beyond the sides of each adjoining projection, the ends of'adjoining projections being so related to each other that the bottom edge of each end of any projection lies be ond the bottoni edge of the end of each adjoining projection, while the top edge of said Iirstmentioned projection falls'short of the top edge of the end ofeach adjoining projection, each projection occupying approximately the same proportion of the surface of the bar as any other projection or as any depression.

3. A concrete-reinforcing bar cylindrical in shape and of constant cross-sectional area, the surface of said bar being rovided with a plurality of longitudinal and)` a plurality of circumferential rows cuniferential and each longitudinal row comprising the succession of a projection, a depression, a projection, and a depression, the sides of cach projection extending to but netbeyond the sides of each adjoining rojection, the ends of adjoining projections licing beveled and so related to cach other that 1 be bot- This may,

of projections, each ciri hom od of the end of muy projection is il In testimony whereof `I have axod :il th lllinpept with the top edg `signature in presence of two witnoesbs.

e o esc o rojection an f v l 'the bottom edge of t e n gf each second; ALFRED C R JANNI 5 mentioned projection is in circumferential Witness-es:

olmoment with the top edge of the end of said GLADYS WAL'roN, nt-mentioned projection.- HUGH K. WAGNER. 

